![]() ![]() ![]() The literature of materials development and evaluation has been occupied with the application of findings in second language acquisition. However, the implications of the findings with regard to English as a third language have not been operationalized yet. One of the recent models of third language acquisition is the Scalpel model (Slabakova, 2017) based on which neither L1 hypothesis nor L2 hypothesis alone but L1 +L2 hypothesis set the stage for the development of a given third language like English. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to bridge the gap between this model and its practice by developing a lesson for the elementary level course of English. Thus, this unit is developed for learners of English as a second language with Kurdish/Turkish and Persian as their first and second language. ![]() The activities developed for this unit are pivoted on an integration of both Persian and Turkish/ Kurdish as the mental resources of these learners contributing to better comprehension of English language. Pre-evaluation and whilst-evaluation of the developed unit have been discussed. Key words: Scalpel model, third language acquisition, English as a third language, material developmentĪ study by White (2003) on the use of articles in L2 English by a high proficiency native speaker of Turkish (Turkish being a language) shows that the informant is highly accurate in the use of the and a, but tends not to produce them in every case where they are obligatory for native speakers. White argues that this is consistent with an account of Second Language Acquisition in older. Learners known as the Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis (MSIH) L2 speakers have full access to Universal Grammar in constructing mental grammars for the target language, and can establish target-like abstract grammatical representations but older L2 learners have a persistent problem mapping forms (phonological exponents) onto the representations, tending to insert default forms where more specified forms are required ø is the default form of the article in English as it appears when nouns are not specified for the features count and singular, and the interpretation of the DP iindefinite': the book/a book, *Ø book Ø books/Ø butter. Superintendent of Public Instruction Tom Horne has ratcheted up his attack on Arizonas dual language programs. Scrivener is the go-to app for writers of all kinds, used every day by best-selling novelists, screenwriters, essayists, students, academics, lawyers, journalists, translators and more.In this case, the Turkish speaker in White's study could be characterized as inserting a default form where a more specific form is required. Tom Horne to schools: Stop teaching English learners in Spanish or lose funding. Do not ask for pirated links to Scrivener or any other software. It’s fine to disagree, but name-calling and personal attacks will not be tolerated and may result in bans.ģ. While discussions about Scrivener alternatives or complementary programs are welcome, posts that exclusively promote other software or writing resources will be removed as spam at moderator discretion.Ģ. ![]() Contact L&L L&L Official Forum Click Here for the S3 Windows Beta Subreddit Rules:ġ. Users wishing to request tech support, report bugs, or give feedback should contact Literature & Latte directly through one of the below channels. Members on this sub will do their best to help when possible, but ultimately have limited knowledge and no control over the program. This sub is not officially affiliated with Scrivener. ![]()
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